SO1
Evaluate the effectiveness of intervention and improvement
Assessment criteria 
1. a list is made of techniques that can be used
2. detailed explanatory note on techniques
3.best techniqeus are used in summary
4. lessons learned are noted for future use
5.possible improvements are identified
6.rehabilitation are made of selected areas


SO2 
implement systems of remediation and report on them
assessment criteria
1. assistance is rendered in planning , organizing and remediation
2. problems and solutions
Range
signs of erosion
3. suggestions of possible actions

Field speciments

SO1
Use methods to correct data from the environment
Assessment criteria
1. list methods is provided for the area of operation
2. range of environmental data is collected
Range
vertebrates, invertebrates

SO2
Locate the area of collection assessment criteria
Assessment criteria 
1. navigation uses to collect sites
Range
maps
2. Records is made where the specimens will be collected

SO3
Collect data
Assessment criteria
1. Specimens are collected 
2. data is kept of the specific location where specimens are found
3.environmental data is recorded
Range
tree diameter
4. review on collection
5. live specimens are released in area of origin

SO4
Package safely to transport
Assessment criteria
1. Specimens are transported humanly
2. dead specimens are kept
3. packaged to organizational standards
4. steps are taken to make sure info accompanies the specimens
5.specimens are developed

Harvesting of fauna

SO 1
Culling and harvesting equipment
Assessment criteria  
1. Suitable equipment for harvesting
Range
fishing nets
2. Equipment is checked for breakages
3. maintaining is carried out 

SO2 
Harvesting procedures
Assessment criteria
1. Appropriate harvesting methods is carried out.
2. carry out harvesting procedures.
3. legal and qualified assurance required.
4. harvesting activities are required/monitored

SO3
Collect and record basic biological data
Assessment criteria 
1. Accurate data criteria
2. The required biological data is recorded
3. Data specific to the area of removal
4. Report to the harvest

SO4
Report to the harvest
Assessment criteria
1. Report to the supervisor
2. Adherence to bag limits
3. Reference to permit conditions
Range
Amount landed , weight

Ecology

Ecology is the scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment.

Food chain

A food chain shows how each living thing gets its food. Some animals eat plants and some animals eat other animals.

Food web

A food web depicts feeding connections in an ecological community . A food web can also be a couple of food chains interwoven.

Biome

Biomes are larger units of organization that categorize regions of

the Earth's ecosystems mainly according to the structure and

composition of vegetation.

 

Tropic pyramid 

A tropic level is defined as "a group of organisms acquiring a

considerable majority of its energy from the adjacent level

nearer the a biotic source."

Keystone species

A keystone species is a species that is disproportionately

connected to more species in the food-web.

 

Migration 

Animal migration is set apart from other kinds of movement

because it involves the seasonal departure and return of

individuals from one habitat to another. Many bird species

migrate to take advantage of global differences of seasonal

temperatures, therefore optimizing availability of food sources

and breeding habitat..

Migration

Land birds have a flight range of around 2,500 km

Shorebirds can fly up to 4,000 km

Some bird species undertake shorter migrations, travelling only

as far as is required to avoid bad weather or obtain food.

•Reptiles

•Reptiles are air-breathing which are characterized by laying shelled eggs

•some vipers and constrictor snakes give live birth

Three Main Types of Reptiles

"Squamata"---Largest Branch of the Reptilian Family

"Crocodilia" -- Last of the Ruling Reptiles

"Testudines"---The Oldest Reptiles

•Snake venom

NEUROTOXIC: Attacks the nervous system , and causes the victim to suffocate to death.  

SITOTOXIC: Damages the tissue , causing necrosis , and the victim will die because of the serious necrosis and blood loss.  

HEMOTOXIC: Damages the blood vessels , and this causes the blood to become very thin. The victim will eventually bleed to death , and this takes usually about 3-5 days.  

MIOTOXIC: Is a mixture between hemotoxic and neurotoxic  venom , and has the affects of both venom's.

What is an amphibian

What is an amphibian

•Amphibians are characterized as cold-blooded

 •Many amphibians lay their eggs in water. Amphibians are superficially similar to reptiles 

•A juvenile are water-breathing form to an adult air-breathing

Toad

Toads cannot transmit warts to people through handling or skin contact. The bumps on a toad's 

skin help the animal blend into its environment visually by breaking up its outline . A group of toads

are called a knot

   

Frog

Frogs are most noticeable by their call, which can be widely heard during the night or day. A popular

distinction is often made between frogs and toads on the basis of their appearance, but this has no

taxonomic basis . 

 

Frog call

Some frog calls are so loud, they can be heard up to a mile away. The call of a frog is unique to its

species

Some frogs lack vocal sacs , but these species can still produce a loud call.

The main reason for calling is to allow males to attract a mate.

Trees

Maroela

Inner bark of the marula tree may be applied to scorpion stings and snake bites to alleviate pain. The leaves are chewed on to help indigestion and to treat heartburn. Marula oil, made from the seed kernel, can be used as a type of skin care oil.

Sekelbos

A lotion made from the leaves and bark is used to rinse out the mouth and to soak a cloth which is bound around the head to soothe headaches.
Eyes - The dried seedpods make a soothing eyewash for red, tired eyes.
Snakebites, insect stings - Snakebites, scorpion stings and insect stings are treated with the leaf and bark - the leaf is chewed well and then applied and bound over the area.
Stomach pains, diarrhoea - The leaf can be chewed to ease colic and heartburn and can be made into a tea to remedy stomach ailments and diarrhoea.
Wounds - A lotion made from the leaves and bark is used as a wound cleanser and healer. Dried powdered bark is sprinkled onto the wound to promote healing.
Skin - Dried powdered bark is directly applied to skin eruptions, sores, blisters and abscesses for both man and animal.
Chest - In Zimbabwe the dried leaf and root is smoked for pulmonary tuberculosis and chest ailments, and to clear the head during a cold.

Birds

Brood parasites

The egg-layer leaves her eggs with another birds nest, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. After a parasitic bird lays her eggs in another bird's nest, they are often accepted and raised by the host at the expense of the host's own brood.

Brood birds must lay their eggs in the nests of other species because they are incapable of raising their own young. Some brood parasites are adapted to hatch before their host's young, which allows them to destroy the host's eggs by pushing them out of the nest or to kill the host's chicks

Bird feathers

Feathers are a feature characteristic of birds. There are several types of feathers, each serving its own set of purposes. Feathers are epidermal growths attached to the skin and arise only in specific tracts of skin called pterylae. The distribution pattern of these feather tracts (pterylosis) is used in taxonomy and systematic. Feathers require maintenance and birds preen or groom them daily, spending an average of around 9% of their daily time on this.

Migration

Many bird species migrate to take advantage of global differences of seasonal temperatures, therefore optimizing availability of food sources and breeding habitat.

Land birds have a flight range of around 2,500 km

Shorebirds can fly up to 4,000 km

Some bird species undertake shorter migrations, travelling only as far as is required to avoid bad weather or obtain food.

Mating

During breeding season in response to the hormones, the male's testes become several hundred times larger than normal to produce sperm, with the left testis usually larger. The female bird's ovaries also enlarge during breeding season to produce the ovum. Female birds usually only have one functional ovary, the left one.

Over 90 percent of birds are considered monogamous. Most birds keep the same mate for the entire mating season and some stay paired for their entire life. Courtship, generally the male's responsibility, usually entails singing but can also consist of tail drumming or dancing.

What is site guide

What is site guide

Site guide is the learning of the environment and showing guests the different things on a certain area . site guide can be done in different ways , walking , driving , horse backs or in the air . The most important thing to remember when you are busy with guests is that the guests safety is first , it is also important to excited the guests exportation .

Pretrial briefing

Before you go on a game drive you must remember to check the vehicle and make sure it is in a good working condition , you must also make sure it is clean .  when all the guests are on the vehicle you must set the guest at ease and find out about any medical problems that one of the people have or a illness ( you must be sure that the guests illnes can be treated by you )   

My experience at the wild life centre

• So far at the wild life center I have learned how to work with the animals and look for there warning signs when you get into there personal spaces , I have also learned what to do when the animals do give you warning signs and when they attack you.

• I walked with the lions and looked at there behavior when you are with them in the nature and what they do around animals and people. It has been an experience that I will never in my life can described or tell any one the feeling that you get from being with lions

• I have fed the lions and it was a amazing opportunity to give such a dangerous animal food and just to see its different behavior when lions have food to when they are alone.

• The cleaning of the cages is to make sure that the animals have a clean environment and that the cages look clean to the guests that cum by for tours.

• It is very important for you to have personal time with animals so that you can look for the attitude of the animals and how the animals are around you, it is also important for the animals to get to know you and to learn your smell.

Planning for a new hide

There are a few things to remember when you want to put a new hide

• You must go and look at the location to see if the hides looking out point is not in the sun
• You must make sure that the hide is down wind from the animals that are drinking at the water hole 
• You must make sure that the hide is not to close to the water hole that they feel uncomfortable
• You must also go and look at the parking were the cars are going to stop so that the cars don't chase away the animals
• You must make sore what type of animals come to the watering hole so that the hide don't become in the animals way

Anti poaching

There are a few ways to see if there is poaching going on ,on your farm

• You can check what is going on by doing regular fence checks and checking if there is any wires that are cut or bended by people climbing over 
• You can do patrols in your farm to see if there is any snares or irregular foot prints in a area 
• You can put a person in patrol to go and sit in a place and see if any cars is driving in the farm
• You can check if there is helicopters in the area or in your farm

If there is a person that you have caught pouching you must  do the following

• Make sure that the person don't have any weapons on him 
• Introduce yourself and ask the other person what he is doing on your farm 
• Do not be aggressive to wards him because he can take you to court 
• Make sure that you have evidence so that the person cant get out of the situation 

There are a few reasons why a person wants to pouch

• To get meat of an animal that is caught in a snare
• To get more game on another farm
• For the horns or skin 

Inkberry bush

Ink berry is a very poisonous plant and must be removed, if the animals eat the bush they can die or get very sick.

• We removed the bust today with a panga and sprayed roundup on all the roots of the plants so that they won’t grow in the future and so that the animals don't eat the plants.

• The negative points on the killing of ink bush  is that the round up are very poisonous and that it can damage your body if it comes on to your body it can make you very ill 
• We made sure the round up was sprayed in every area of the ink berry's roots
• If the ink berry bush comes into your system it can make you very ill or it can kill you